1. A stroke, which is the leading cause of adult disability, can happen to anyone, at any time. It’s not—as many people believe—reserved for the elderly. People age 55 or older do have a higher risk of stroke than younger people; after that age the risk doubles for each decade a person is alive.
2. You’re at higher risk for a stroke if a parent, grandparent or sibling had a stroke or heart attack at an early age.
3. Lifestyle risk factors include being overweight or obese, being physically inactive, drinking heavily or using illicit drugs like cocaine and methamphetamines.
4. Medical risk factors include diabetes, high cholesterol and/or blood pressure, obstructive sleep apnea, smoking or cardiovascular disease.
5. Men have a higher risk of stroke than women. But women, who are usually older when they have a stroke, are more likely to suffer greater disability and/or die of strokes than are men.
6. Strokes kill twice as many women as breast cancer does each year.
7. If you are African American, Hispanic or Asian/Pacific, your risk of stroke is higher than if you are Caucasian.
8. During a stroke, blood flow to an area of the brain is cut off. The extent of the damage that occurs when brain cells are deprived of oxygen depends on where in the brain the stroke occurs.
9. The damage may be minor, resulting in weakness in an arm or leg, or major, causing permanent paralysis or the inability to speak.
10. There are three types of strokes:
- Least common but most serious is a hemorrhagic stroke, caused by a brain aneurysm burst or a weakened blood vessel leak.
- An ischemic stroke happens when a blood clot blocks a blood vessel transporting blood to the brain.
- A transient ischemic attack (TIA) is sometimes known as “mini stroke.” It occurs when blood flow to part of the brain stops for a short time. The symptoms, which are temporary, can mimic those of a stroke; they develop and are resolved within a short time (minutes to hours). But, often, TIAs are warning signs that occur prior to an actual stroke and should be taken seriously.
Up to 80 percent of strokes are preventable.
- Know your risk factors and follow a healthy lifestyle.
- Control high blood pressure by exercising, managing stress, maintaining a healthy weight and limiting salt and alcohol use.
- Don’t smoke.
- Eat less cholesterol and fat (especially saturated and trans fats) and more fruits and vegetables.
- If you have diabetes, keep it under control.
- Treat obstructive sleep apnea.
Learn the warning signs.
- Dizziness
- Changes in vision (blurriness, blackened or double vision) in one or both eyes
- Tingling (paresthesia)
- Difficulty speaking (dysphasia) and/or confusion understanding words
- Numbness or weakness in face, arms and/or legs (usually on one side of your body)
- Loss of balance or trouble walking
- A sudden, severe headache (possibly accompanied with vomiting, altered consciousness or dizziness)
If you think someone might be having a stroke, think FAST.
- Face. Ask them to smile. Is one side of the face drooping?
- Arms. Ask them to raise both arms over their head. Is one arm drifting downward or unable to go up?
- Speech. Ask them to repeat a simple phrase. Is their speech slurred or strange?
- Time. Call 911 immediately if you see any of these signs. Time is of the essence, and the potential for disability or brain damage increases the longer a stroke goes untreated. Read more about how a stroke is treated.
This post originally appeared on mysocalledmidlife.net.